What HMDA data is — and what it can't tell you
The federal mortgage record behind this site: coverage, privacy protections and limits.
Updated October 24, 2026
The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (1975) and its rule, Regulation C, require most mortgage lenders to report the applications they receive. The FFIEC and CFPB publish the records each year with fields modified to protect privacy.
What's in it
Loan type, purpose, amount, property value and location (census tract), action taken, denial reasons, interest rate, rate spread, loan costs, points, lender credits, term, income and debt-to-income ratio, and more. The 2025 public file used here holds 7,155,718 home-purchase, refinance and cash-out applications that were originated, approved or denied, from 4,470 lenders.
Privacy protections
- Loan amounts and property values are rounded to the midpoint of a $10,000 range.
- Ages are reported in ranges; some debt-to-income ratios are reported in bands.
- No names, addresses, credit scores or exact dates are published.
Limitations
- No credit scores: differences between lenders or places partly reflect borrowers' credit.
- Small-lender exemptions: some smaller banks and credit unions may report "exempt" for pricing fields, so their loans count in volumes and denials but not in rate or cost medians.
- Not a fair-lending finding: regulators state that HMDA data alone cannot determine whether a lender complies with fair-lending laws.
- Historical rates: rates are those locked during 2025; today's rates differ.
Read exactly how the statistics are built in the methodology.
Data: FFIEC/CFPB HMDA 2025 public loan/application register; FHFA and HUD 2026 loan limits. Home-purchase figures cover owner-occupied single-family (1–4 unit) site-built homes, first-lien closed-end loans. Methodology