Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro: mortgages and home buyers
2025 home-purchase and refinance statistics for the 7-county Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD area (OMB code 12580), from official HMDA records.
In 2025, lenders reported 25,637 home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family homes in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metro area. The median buyer borrowed $375,000 on a home valued at $435,000 and reported a household income of $127,000.
Buyers financed a median 94% of the home's value (roughly 6% down), paid a median 6.625% on 30-year fixed conventional loans and faced median conventional loan costs of $6,140.
Lenders denied 7.5% of completed home-purchase applications.
Key facts
- Median conventional loan costs ($6,140) were 10% higher than the U.S. median ($5,570).
- The most common age bracket among borrowers was 25–34 (34.2% of purchase loans).
- 57.3% of purchase mortgages had a single borrower with no co-applicant.
- The most-cited reason for denial was debt-to-income ratio (37.2% of denials with a stated reason).
Counties in the metro area
| County | Purchase loans | Median loan | Buyer income | 30-yr rate | Loan costs | Conforming limit | FHA limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baltimore County, MD | 6,668 | $345,000 | $113,000 | 6.625% | $6,110 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
| Anne Arundel County, MD | 6,184 | $445,000 | $145,000 | 6.625% | $6,580 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
| Baltimore city, MD | 4,682 | $265,000 | $96,000 | 6.625% | $5,710 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
| Howard County, MD | 2,938 | $505,000 | $174,000 | 6.625% | $6,380 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
| Harford County, MD | 2,780 | $365,000 | $121,000 | 6.625% | $5,990 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
| Carroll County, MD | 1,669 | $405,000 | $134,000 | 6.625% | $5,800 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
| Queen Anne's County, MD | 716 | $425,000 | $152,000 | 6.625% | $6,220 | $832,750 | $747,500 |
Who bought homes in Baltimore
Home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family (1–4 unit) site-built homes, first liens, originated in 2025.
Values are medians; "middle half" is the 25th to 75th percentile.
Loan type
What the homes were for
All first-lien, closed-end purchase mortgages, including second homes and investors.
Borrower age
Debt-to-income ratio
Monthly debts (including the new payment) as a share of income, as used in underwriting.
What borrowing cost in Baltimore
Medians for 2025 home-purchase loans. Total loan costs are section D of the Loan Estimate/Closing Disclosure (lender and third-party loan charges, excluding taxes, prepaids and escrow). FHA and VA costs include the upfront mortgage insurance premium or VA funding fee, so compare like with like.
| Measure | Baltimore | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| 30-year fixed rate · conventional | 6.625% | 6.625% |
| 30-year fixed rate · FHA | 6.500% | 6.250% |
| 30-year fixed rate · VA | 6.125% | 6.125% |
| 15-year fixed rate · conventional | 5.875% | 5.875% |
| Rate spread vs. APOR · conventional | +0.16 pts | +0.13 pts |
| Total loan costs · conventional | $6,140 | $5,570 |
| Total loan costs · FHA | $12,250 | $11,310 |
| Total loan costs · VA | $8,970 | $6,490 |
| Origination charges (all loan types) | $2,220 | $1,860 |
| Borrowers paying discount points | 51.8% | 51.3% |
| Points paid, when paid (% of loan) | 0.88% | 0.87% |
| Borrowers receiving lender credits | 32.2% | 33.1% |
| Adjustable-rate mortgages | 5.2% | 7.4% |
| Jumbo loans (above conforming limit) | 4.2% | 3.8% |
Medians are shown only when at least 30 loans report the field. Rates are those reported at closing; market rates changed during 2025, which the rate spread (APR minus the average prime offer rate on the lock date) adjusts for.
Approvals and denials
Baltimore: 2,139 of 28,324 completed home-purchase applications were denied (7.5%).
Denial rate
| Application | Baltimore | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Home purchase | 7.5% | 8.5% |
| Conventional | 5.9% | 7.1% |
| FHA | 12.4% | 12.5% |
| VA | 7.5% | 8.0% |
| USDA | 14.9% | 12.5% |
| Refinance | 16.8% | 17.9% |
| Cash-out refinance | 36.2% | 33.6% |
Main reason for purchase denials
First reason the lender reported.
Denial rate = denied ÷ (originated + approved but not accepted + denied). Withdrawn and incomplete applications are excluded. Differences between places reflect who applies, not only lender behavior.
Refinancing in Baltimore
Source: FFIEC/CFPB HMDA 2025 public LAR (derived MSA/MD); OMB July 2023 delineations via the U.S. Census Bureau. Methodology